The reign of the Hongwu Emperor is notable for his unprecedented political reforms. Wang Daiyu also recorded that the emperor wrote 100 characters praising Islam, Baizi zan. The era of Hongwu was noted for its tolerance of minorities and religions Ma Zhou, the Chinese historian, indicates that the Hongwu ordered the renovation and construction of many mosques in Xi’an and Nanjing. This ended in failure when the Jianwen Emperor's attempts to unseat his uncles led to the Jingnan Rebellion. Having outlived his eldest son Zhu Biao, Zhu enthroned Zhu Biao's son via a series of instructions. Trusting only his family, he made his many sons feudal princes along the northern marches and the Yangtze valley. ![]() Zhu claimed the Mandate of Heaven and established the Ming dynasty at the beginning of 1368 and occupied the Yuan capital, Khanbaliq (present-day Beijing), with his army that same year. Īs famine, plagues and peasant revolts increased across China proper in the 14th century, Zhu Yuanzhang rose to command the Red Turban forces that conquered China proper, ending the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty and forcing the remnant Yuan court (known as Northern Yuan in historiography) to retreat to the Mongolian Plateau. The Hongwu Emperor (21 October 1328 – 24 June 1398), personal name Zhu Yuanzhang ( Chinese: 朱元璋 Wade–Giles: Chu Yuan-chang), courtesy name Guorui ( traditional Chinese: 國瑞 simplified Chinese: 国瑞), was the founding emperor of the Ming dynasty of China, reigning from 1368 to 1398. ( 聖神文武欽明啟運俊德成功統天大孝 高皇帝) (given by the Yongle Emperor)Įmperor Kaitian Xingdao Zhaoji Liji Dasheng Zhishen Renwen Yiwu Junde Chenggong Gāo ( 欽明啟運俊德成功統天大孝 高皇帝) (given by the Jianwen Emperor)Įmperor Shengshen Wenwu Qinming Qiyun Junde Chenggong Tongtian Daxiao Gāo ![]() Hongwu ( 洪武): 23 January 1368 – 5 February 1399 (restored, 18 July 1402 – 22 January 1403) Įmperor Qinming Qiyun Junde Chenggong Tongtian Daxiao Gāo
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